loader: support global variables in CGo (#173)

Global variables (like functions) must be declared in the import "C" preamble and can then be used from Go.

Gopkg.lock

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 [[projects]]
   branch = "master"
-  digest = "1:84316faef4ea12d34dde3b3e6dab682715a23b1c2bb8ab82cec9ab619766e214"
+  digest = "1:ba70784a3deee74c0ca3c87bcac3c2f93d3b2d27d8f237b768c358b45ba47da8"
   name = "golang.org/x/tools"
   packages = [
     "go/ast/astutil",
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "go/types/typeutil",
   ]
   pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "3e7aa9e59977626dc60433e9aeadf1bb63d28295"
+  revision = "40960b6deb8ecdb8bcde6a8f44722731939b8ddc"
 
 [[projects]]
   branch = "master"
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
   analyzer-name = "dep"
   analyzer-version = 1
   input-imports = [
+    "golang.org/x/tools/go/ast/astutil",
     "golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa",
     "tinygo.org/x/go-llvm",
   ]

ir/ir.go

@@ -389,11 +389,25 @@ func (g *Global) LinkName() string {
 	if g.linkName != "" {
 		return g.linkName
 	}
+	if name := g.CName(); name != "" {
+		return name
+	}
 	return g.RelString(nil)
 }
 
 func (g *Global) IsExtern() bool {
-	return g.extern
+	return g.extern || g.CName() != ""
+}
+
+// Return the name of the C global if this is a CGo wrapper. Otherwise, return a
+// zero-length string.
+func (g *Global) CName() string {
+	name := g.Name()
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, "C.") {
+		// created by ../loader/cgo.go
+		return name[2:]
+	}
+	return ""
 }
 
 func (g *Global) Initializer() Value {

loader/cgo.go

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ast/astutil"
 )
 
 // fileInfo holds all Cgo-related information of a given *ast.File.
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ type fileInfo struct {
 	filename   string
 	functions  []*functionInfo
 	typedefs   []*typedefInfo
+	globals    []*globalInfo
 	importCPos token.Pos
 }
 
@@ -41,6 +44,12 @@ type typedefInfo struct {
 	size    int    // size in bytes
 }
 
+// globalInfo contains information about a declared global variable in C.
+type globalInfo struct {
+	name     string
+	typeName string
+}
+
 // cgoAliases list type aliases between Go and C, for types that are equivalent
 // in both languages. See addTypeAliases.
 var cgoAliases = map[string]string{
@@ -122,6 +131,9 @@ func (p *Package) processCgo(filename string, f *ast.File, cflags []string) erro
 	// Declare functions found by libclang.
 	info.addFuncDecls()
 
+	// Declare globals found by libclang.
+	info.addVarDecls()
+
 	// Forward C types to Go types (like C.uint32_t -> uint32).
 	info.addTypeAliases()
 
@@ -129,7 +141,7 @@ func (p *Package) processCgo(filename string, f *ast.File, cflags []string) erro
 	info.addTypedefs()
 
 	// Patch the AST to use the declared types and functions.
-	ast.Inspect(f, info.walker)
+	f = astutil.Apply(f, info.walker, nil).(*ast.File)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -194,6 +206,43 @@ func (info *fileInfo) addFuncDecls() {
 	}
 }
 
+// addVarDecls declares external C globals in the Go source.
+// It adds code like the following to the AST:
+//
+//     var (
+//         C.globalInt  int
+//         C.globalBool bool
+//         // ...
+//     )
+func (info *fileInfo) addVarDecls() {
+	gen := &ast.GenDecl{
+		TokPos: info.importCPos,
+		Tok:    token.VAR,
+		Lparen: info.importCPos,
+		Rparen: info.importCPos,
+	}
+	for _, global := range info.globals {
+		obj := &ast.Object{
+			Kind: ast.Typ,
+			Name: mapCgoType(global.name),
+		}
+		valueSpec := &ast.ValueSpec{
+			Names: []*ast.Ident{&ast.Ident{
+				NamePos: info.importCPos,
+				Name:    mapCgoType(global.name),
+				Obj:     obj,
+			}},
+			Type: &ast.Ident{
+				NamePos: info.importCPos,
+				Name:    mapCgoType(global.typeName),
+			},
+		}
+		obj.Decl = valueSpec
+		gen.Specs = append(gen.Specs, valueSpec)
+	}
+	info.Decls = append(info.Decls, gen)
+}
+
 // addTypeAliases aliases some built-in Go types with their equivalent C types.
 // It adds code like the following to the AST:
 //
@@ -299,41 +348,22 @@ func (info *fileInfo) addTypedefs() {
 	info.Decls = append(info.Decls, gen)
 }
 
-// walker replaces all "C".<something> call expressions to literal
-// "C.<something>" expressions. This is impossible to write in Go (a dot cannot
-// be used in the middle of a name) so is used as a new namespace for C call
-// expressions.
-func (info *fileInfo) walker(node ast.Node) bool {
-	switch node := node.(type) {
-	case *ast.CallExpr:
-		fun, ok := node.Fun.(*ast.SelectorExpr)
-		if !ok {
-			return true
-		}
-		x, ok := fun.X.(*ast.Ident)
+// walker replaces all "C".<something> expressions to literal "C.<something>"
+// expressions. Such expressions are impossible to write in Go (a dot cannot be
+// used in the middle of a name) so in practice all C identifiers live in a
+// separate namespace (no _Cgo_ hacks like in gc).
+func (info *fileInfo) walker(cursor *astutil.Cursor) bool {
+	switch node := cursor.Node().(type) {
+	case *ast.SelectorExpr:
+		x, ok := node.X.(*ast.Ident)
 		if !ok {
 			return true
 		}
 		if x.Name == "C" {
-			node.Fun = &ast.Ident{
+			cursor.Replace(&ast.Ident{
 				NamePos: x.NamePos,
-				Name:    mapCgoType(fun.Sel.Name),
-			}
-		}
-	case *ast.ValueSpec:
-		typ, ok := node.Type.(*ast.SelectorExpr)
-		if !ok {
-			return true
-		}
-		x, ok := typ.X.(*ast.Ident)
-		if !ok {
-			return true
-		}
-		if x.Name == "C" {
-			node.Type = &ast.Ident{
-				NamePos: x.NamePos,
-				Name:    mapCgoType(typ.Sel.Name),
-			}
+				Name:    mapCgoType(node.Sel.Name),
+			})
 		}
 	}
 	return true

loader/libclang.go

@@ -112,6 +112,14 @@ func tinygo_clang_visitor(c, parent C.CXCursor, client_data C.CXClientData) C.in
 			oldName: underlyingTypeName,
 			size:    int(typeSize),
 		})
+	case C.CXCursor_VarDecl:
+		name := getString(C.clang_getCursorSpelling(c))
+		cursorType := C.clang_getCursorType(c)
+		cursorTypeName := getString(C.clang_getTypeSpelling(cursorType))
+		info.globals = append(info.globals, &globalInfo{
+			name:     name,
+			typeName: cursorTypeName,
+		})
 	}
 	return C.CXChildVisit_Continue
 }

testdata/cgo/main.c

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "main.h"
 
+int global = 3;
+
 int fortytwo() {
 	return 42;
 }

testdata/cgo/main.go

@@ -16,4 +16,5 @@ func main() {
 	println("myint size:", int(unsafe.Sizeof(x)))
 	var y C.longlong = -(1 << 40)
 	println("longlong:", y)
+	println("global:", C.global)
 }

testdata/cgo/main.h

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 typedef short myint;
 int add(int a, int b);
+extern int global;

testdata/cgo/out.txt

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ add: 8
 myint: 3 5
 myint size: 2
 longlong: -1099511627776
+global: 3