compiler,runtime: implement non-blocking selects

Blocking selects are much more complicated, so let's do non-blocking
ones first.

compiler/channel.go

@@ -85,3 +85,154 @@ func (c *Compiler) emitChanClose(frame *Frame, param ssa.Value) {
 	ch := c.getValue(frame, param)
 	c.createRuntimeCall("chanClose", []llvm.Value{ch}, "")
 }
+
+// emitSelect emits all IR necessary for a select statements. That's a
+// non-trivial amount of code because select is very complex to implement.
+func (c *Compiler) emitSelect(frame *Frame, expr *ssa.Select) llvm.Value {
+	if len(expr.States) == 0 {
+		// Shortcuts for some simple selects.
+		llvmType := c.getLLVMType(expr.Type())
+		if expr.Blocking {
+			// Blocks forever:
+			//     select {}
+			c.createRuntimeCall("deadlockStub", nil, "")
+			return llvm.Undef(llvmType)
+		} else {
+			// No-op:
+			//     select {
+			//     default:
+			//     }
+			retval := llvm.Undef(llvmType)
+			retval = c.builder.CreateInsertValue(retval, llvm.ConstInt(c.intType, 0xffffffffffffffff, true), 0, "")
+			return retval // {-1, false}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// This code create a (stack-allocated) slice containing all the select
+	// cases and then calls runtime.chanSelect to perform the actual select
+	// statement.
+	// Simple selects (blocking and with just one case) are already transformed
+	// into regular chan operations during SSA construction so we don't have to
+	// optimize such small selects.
+
+	// Go through all the cases. Create the selectStates slice and and
+	// determine the receive buffer size and alignment.
+	recvbufSize := uint64(0)
+	recvbufAlign := 0
+	hasReceives := false
+	var selectStates []llvm.Value
+	chanSelectStateType := c.getLLVMRuntimeType("chanSelectState")
+	for _, state := range expr.States {
+		ch := c.getValue(frame, state.Chan)
+		selectState := c.getZeroValue(chanSelectStateType)
+		selectState = c.builder.CreateInsertValue(selectState, ch, 0, "")
+		switch state.Dir {
+		case types.RecvOnly:
+			// Make sure the receive buffer is big enough and has the correct alignment.
+			llvmType := c.getLLVMType(state.Chan.Type().(*types.Chan).Elem())
+			if size := c.targetData.TypeAllocSize(llvmType); size > recvbufSize {
+				recvbufSize = size
+			}
+			if align := c.targetData.ABITypeAlignment(llvmType); align > recvbufAlign {
+				recvbufAlign = align
+			}
+			hasReceives = true
+		case types.SendOnly:
+			// Store this value in an alloca and put a pointer to this alloca
+			// in the send state.
+			sendValue := c.getValue(frame, state.Send)
+			alloca := c.createEntryBlockAlloca(sendValue.Type(), "select.send.value")
+			c.builder.CreateStore(sendValue, alloca)
+			ptr := c.builder.CreateBitCast(alloca, c.i8ptrType, "")
+			selectState = c.builder.CreateInsertValue(selectState, ptr, 1, "")
+		default:
+			panic("unreachable")
+		}
+		selectStates = append(selectStates, selectState)
+	}
+
+	// Create a receive buffer, where the received value will be stored.
+	recvbuf := llvm.Undef(c.i8ptrType)
+	if hasReceives {
+		allocaType := llvm.ArrayType(c.ctx.Int8Type(), int(recvbufSize))
+		recvbufAlloca := c.builder.CreateAlloca(allocaType, "select.recvbuf.alloca")
+		recvbufAlloca.SetAlignment(recvbufAlign)
+		recvbuf = c.builder.CreateGEP(recvbufAlloca, []llvm.Value{
+			llvm.ConstInt(c.ctx.Int32Type(), 0, false),
+			llvm.ConstInt(c.ctx.Int32Type(), 0, false),
+		}, "select.recvbuf")
+	}
+
+	// Create the states slice (allocated on the stack).
+	statesAllocaType := llvm.ArrayType(chanSelectStateType, len(selectStates))
+	statesAlloca := c.builder.CreateAlloca(statesAllocaType, "select.states.alloca")
+	for i, state := range selectStates {
+		// Set each slice element to the appropriate channel.
+		gep := c.builder.CreateGEP(statesAlloca, []llvm.Value{
+			llvm.ConstInt(c.ctx.Int32Type(), 0, false),
+			llvm.ConstInt(c.ctx.Int32Type(), uint64(i), false),
+		}, "")
+		c.builder.CreateStore(state, gep)
+	}
+	statesPtr := c.builder.CreateGEP(statesAlloca, []llvm.Value{
+		llvm.ConstInt(c.ctx.Int32Type(), 0, false),
+		llvm.ConstInt(c.ctx.Int32Type(), 0, false),
+	}, "select.states")
+	statesLen := llvm.ConstInt(c.uintptrType, uint64(len(selectStates)), false)
+
+	// Convert the 'blocking' flag on this select into a LLVM value.
+	blockingInt := uint64(0)
+	if expr.Blocking {
+		blockingInt = 1
+	}
+	blockingValue := llvm.ConstInt(c.ctx.Int1Type(), blockingInt, false)
+
+	// Do the select in the runtime.
+	results := c.createRuntimeCall("chanSelect", []llvm.Value{
+		recvbuf,
+		statesPtr, statesLen, statesLen, // []chanSelectState
+		blockingValue,
+	}, "")
+
+	// The result value does not include all the possible received values,
+	// because we can't load them in advance. Instead, the *ssa.Extract
+	// instruction will treat a *ssa.Select specially and load it there inline.
+	// Store the receive alloca in a sidetable until we hit this extract
+	// instruction.
+	if frame.selectRecvBuf == nil {
+		frame.selectRecvBuf = make(map[*ssa.Select]llvm.Value)
+	}
+	frame.selectRecvBuf[expr] = recvbuf
+
+	return results
+}
+
+// getChanSelectResult returns the special values from a *ssa.Extract expression
+// when extracting a value from a select statement (*ssa.Select). Because
+// *ssa.Select cannot load all values in advance, it does this later in the
+// *ssa.Extract expression.
+func (c *Compiler) getChanSelectResult(frame *Frame, expr *ssa.Extract) llvm.Value {
+	if expr.Index == 0 {
+		// index
+		value := c.getValue(frame, expr.Tuple)
+		index := c.builder.CreateExtractValue(value, expr.Index, "")
+		if index.Type().IntTypeWidth() < c.intType.IntTypeWidth() {
+			index = c.builder.CreateSExt(index, c.intType, "")
+		}
+		return index
+	} else if expr.Index == 1 {
+		// comma-ok
+		value := c.getValue(frame, expr.Tuple)
+		return c.builder.CreateExtractValue(value, expr.Index, "")
+	} else {
+		// Select statements are (index, ok, ...) where ... is a number of
+		// received values, depending on how many receive statements there
+		// are. They are all combined into one alloca (because only one
+		// receive can proceed at a time) so we'll get that alloca, bitcast
+		// it to the correct type, and dereference it.
+		recvbuf := frame.selectRecvBuf[expr.Tuple.(*ssa.Select)]
+		typ := llvm.PointerType(c.getLLVMType(expr.Type()), 0)
+		ptr := c.builder.CreateBitCast(recvbuf, typ, "")
+		return c.builder.CreateLoad(ptr, "")
+	}
+}

compiler/compiler.go

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ type Frame struct {
 	deferFuncs        map[*ir.Function]int
 	deferInvokeFuncs  map[string]int
 	deferClosureFuncs map[*ir.Function]int
+	selectRecvBuf     map[*ssa.Select]llvm.Value
 }
 
 type Phi struct {
@@ -1445,9 +1446,11 @@ func (c *Compiler) parseExpr(frame *Frame, expr ssa.Value) (llvm.Value, error) {
 		x := c.getValue(frame, expr.X)
 		return c.parseConvert(expr.X.Type(), expr.Type(), x, expr.Pos())
 	case *ssa.Extract:
+		if _, ok := expr.Tuple.(*ssa.Select); ok {
+			return c.getChanSelectResult(frame, expr), nil
+		}
 		value := c.getValue(frame, expr.Tuple)
-		result := c.builder.CreateExtractValue(value, expr.Index, "")
-		return result, nil
+		return c.builder.CreateExtractValue(value, expr.Index, ""), nil
 	case *ssa.Field:
 		value := c.getValue(frame, expr.X)
 		if s := expr.X.Type().Underlying().(*types.Struct); s.NumFields() > 2 && s.Field(0).Name() == "C union" {
@@ -1696,25 +1699,7 @@ func (c *Compiler) parseExpr(frame *Frame, expr ssa.Value) (llvm.Value, error) {
 		c.builder.CreateStore(c.getZeroValue(iteratorType), it)
 		return it, nil
 	case *ssa.Select:
-		if len(expr.States) == 0 {
-			// Shortcuts for some simple selects.
-			llvmType := c.getLLVMType(expr.Type())
-			if expr.Blocking {
-				// Blocks forever:
-				//     select {}
-				c.createRuntimeCall("deadlockStub", nil, "")
-				return llvm.Undef(llvmType), nil
-			} else {
-				// No-op:
-				//     select {
-				//     default:
-				//     }
-				retval := llvm.Undef(llvmType)
-				retval = c.builder.CreateInsertValue(retval, llvm.ConstInt(c.intType, 0xffffffffffffffff, true), 0, "")
-				return retval, nil // {-1, false}
-			}
-		}
-		return llvm.Undef(c.getLLVMType(expr.Type())), c.makeError(expr.Pos(), "unimplemented: "+expr.String())
+		return c.emitSelect(frame, expr), nil
 	case *ssa.Slice:
 		if expr.Max != nil {
 			return llvm.Value{}, c.makeError(expr.Pos(), "todo: full slice expressions (with max): "+expr.Type().String())

src/runtime/chan.go

@@ -29,17 +29,27 @@ import (
 
 type channel struct {
 	elementSize uint16 // the size of one value in this channel
-	state       uint8
+	state       chanState
 	blocked     *coroutine
 }
 
+type chanState uint8
+
 const (
-	chanStateEmpty = iota
+	chanStateEmpty chanState = iota
 	chanStateRecv
 	chanStateSend
 	chanStateClosed
 )
 
+// chanSelectState is a single channel operation (send/recv) in a select
+// statement. The value pointer is either nil (for receives) or points to the
+// value to send (for sends).
+type chanSelectState struct {
+	ch    *channel
+	value unsafe.Pointer
+}
+
 func deadlockStub()
 
 // chanSend sends a single value over the channel. If this operation can
@@ -144,3 +154,63 @@ func chanClose(ch *channel) {
 		ch.state = chanStateClosed
 	}
 }
+
+// chanSelect is the runtime implementation of the select statement. This is
+// perhaps the most complicated statement in the Go spec. It returns the
+// selected index and the 'comma-ok' value.
+//
+// TODO: do this in a round-robin fashion (as specified in the Go spec) instead
+// of picking the first one that can proceed.
+func chanSelect(recvbuf unsafe.Pointer, states []chanSelectState, blocking bool) (uintptr, bool) {
+	// See whether we can receive from one of the channels.
+	for i, state := range states {
+		if state.ch == nil {
+			// A nil channel blocks forever, so don't consider it here.
+			continue
+		}
+		if state.value == nil {
+			// A receive operation.
+			switch state.ch.state {
+			case chanStateSend:
+				// We can receive immediately.
+				sender := state.ch.blocked
+				senderPromise := sender.promise()
+				memcpy(recvbuf, senderPromise.ptr, uintptr(state.ch.elementSize))
+				state.ch.blocked = senderPromise.next
+				senderPromise.next = nil
+				activateTask(sender)
+				if state.ch.blocked == nil {
+					state.ch.state = chanStateEmpty
+				}
+				return uintptr(i), true // commaOk = true
+			case chanStateClosed:
+				// Receive the zero value.
+				memzero(recvbuf, uintptr(state.ch.elementSize))
+				return uintptr(i), false // commaOk = false
+			}
+		} else {
+			// A send operation: state.value is not nil.
+			switch state.ch.state {
+			case chanStateRecv:
+				receiver := state.ch.blocked
+				receiverPromise := receiver.promise()
+				memcpy(receiverPromise.ptr, state.value, uintptr(state.ch.elementSize))
+				receiverPromise.data = 1 // commaOk = true
+				state.ch.blocked = receiverPromise.next
+				receiverPromise.next = nil
+				activateTask(receiver)
+				if state.ch.blocked == nil {
+					state.ch.state = chanStateEmpty
+				}
+				return uintptr(i), false
+			case chanStateClosed:
+				runtimePanic("send on closed channel")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !blocking {
+		return ^uintptr(0), false
+	}
+	panic("unimplemented: blocking select")
+}

testdata/channel.go

@@ -48,10 +48,63 @@ func main() {
 	}
 	println("sum(100):", sum)
 
-	// Test select
+	// Test simple selects.
 	go selectDeadlock()
 	go selectNoOp()
 
+	// Test select with a single send operation (transformed into chan send).
+	ch = make(chan int)
+	go fastreceiver(ch)
+	select {
+	case ch <- 5:
+		println("select one sent")
+	}
+	close(ch)
+
+	// Test select with a single recv operation (transformed into chan recv).
+	select {
+	case n := <-ch:
+		println("select one n:", n)
+	}
+
+	// Test select recv with channel that has one entry.
+	ch = make(chan int)
+	go func(ch chan int) {
+		ch <- 55
+	}(ch)
+	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	select {
+	case make(chan int) <- 3:
+		println("unreachable")
+	case n := <-ch:
+		println("select n from chan:", n)
+	case n := <-make(chan int):
+		println("unreachable:", n)
+	}
+
+	// Test select recv with closed channel.
+	close(ch)
+	select {
+	case make(chan int) <- 3:
+		println("unreachable")
+	case n := <-ch:
+		println("select n from closed chan:", n)
+	case n := <-make(chan int):
+		println("unreachable:", n)
+	}
+
+	// Test select send.
+	ch = make(chan int)
+	go fastreceiver(ch)
+	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	select {
+	case ch <- 235:
+		println("select send")
+	case n := <-make(chan int):
+		println("unreachable:", n)
+	}
+	close(ch)
+
 	// Allow goroutines to exit.
 	time.Sleep(time.Microsecond)
 }
@@ -68,7 +121,7 @@ func sender(ch chan int) {
 }
 
 func sendComplex(ch chan complex128) {
-	ch <- 7+10.5i
+	ch <- 7 + 10.5i
 }
 
 func fastsender(ch chan int) {

testdata/channel.txt

@@ -23,3 +23,10 @@ sum(100): 4950
 deadlocking
 select no-op
 after no-op
+select one sent
+sum: 5
+select one n: 0
+select n from chan: 55
+select n from closed chan: 0
+select send
+sum: 235